Testicular cancer
Testicular cancer
Testicular cancer is a type of cancer that develops in the testicles, the male reproductive organs responsible for producing sperm and testosterone. It is one of the most common cancers among young men, particularly those between the ages of 15 and 35. Although the exact cause of testicular cancer is not fully understood, several risk factors have been identified, including:
- Family history of testicular cancer
- Undescended testicle (cryptorchidism)
- Previous history of testicular cancer
Importance of Early Detection
Early detection is crucial because testicular cancer is highly treatable when caught in its initial stages. Regular self-examination is recommended for men to become familiar with their anatomy and to detect any unusual changes early on.
Diagnostic Process
When a lump or other symptoms are detected, it is essential to seek medical evaluation promptly. The diagnostic process typically includes:
- Physical Examination: A thorough examination of the testicles to identify any abnormalities.
- Ultrasound Imaging: To visualize the inside of the testicles and distinguish between benign and malignant masses.
- Blood Tests: To measure tumor markers such as alpha-fetoprotein (AFP), beta-human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG), and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH). These markers provide valuable information about the type and stage of testicular cancer.
Treatment Options
Treatment for testicular cancer depends on the stage and type of cancer but typically includes:
- Surgery: The primary treatment is a radical inguinal orchiectomy, where the affected testicle and spermatic cord are removed.
- Chemotherapy: Often used to target cancer cells that may have spread beyond the testicle, especially in non-seminomatous germ cell tumors.
- Radiation Therapy: May be used in certain cases, particularly for seminomas, to eliminate any remaining cancer cells after surgery.
Symptoms of Testicular Cancer
The most common symptom of testicular cancer is a lump or swelling on one of the testicles. This lump may feel hard or be painless. Other symptoms to watch for include:
- A feeling of heaviness in the scrotum
- Dull ache in the lower abdomen or groin
- Changes in the size or shape of the testicles
Types of Testicular Cancer
Testicular cancer is categorized mainly into two types:
- Germ Cell Tumors: These account for about 95% of testicular cancers and include:
- Seminomas: Slower-growing and often more responsive to treatment.
- Non-Seminomas: Tend to grow more rapidly and may require more aggressive treatment.
- Stromal Tumors: These are less common and originate from the supportive and hormone-producing tissues of the testicles.
Prognosis and Follow-Up Care
The prognosis for testicular cancer is generally favorable, with a high cure rate, especially when detected early. Regular follow-up care is crucial to monitor for any recurrence, which can occur in some patients.
Long-Term Considerations
Survivors of testicular cancer may face long-term effects from treatment, including changes in fertility and hormone levels. It is important for men diagnosed with testicular cancer to discuss fertility preservation options with their healthcare providers before starting treatment.
Your Urological Health Starts Here
Flexible appointments and urgent care.
Or call — (+44) 02079935291
